Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Energetic metabolism-regulatory glycopeptide hydrogel accelerates pressure ulcer wound repair

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.016

Figure Lengend Snippet: GMI gel -mediated metabolic reprogramming and its regulatory role in macrophage polarization. A-D) Hexokinase activity, Phosphofructokinase activity, Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, and Succinate dehydrogenase activity, n = 3. E-H) Heatmap of LC-MS data and quantitative analysis of the relative abundance of glycolysis and TCA cycle metabolites, n = 3. I) Schematic diagram of glycolysis and the TCA cycle. J) Representative CLSM images of RAW 264.7 cells treated with GMI gel for 72 h. K) Flow cytometry analysis of CD206 and CD86 expression. L, M) The secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in the culture supernatant of RAW264.7 cells, n = 3. Data are shown as mean ± SDs. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001, ns, not significant (p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: The expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the culture medium were measured using commercial ELISA kits (Cusabio, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Flow Cytometry, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Energetic metabolism-regulatory glycopeptide hydrogel accelerates pressure ulcer wound repair

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.016

Figure Lengend Snippet: GMI gel promotes the healing of infected pressure ulcers in vivo. A) Schematic diagram of GMI gel treatment of infected pressure ulcers. B) Photographs of wounds in mice at different treatment times. C) Signs of wound closure. D) Wound size at different treatment times, n = 3. E) H&E staining images of mouse wound tissue after different treatments on day 12. F) Masson staining images of mouse wound tissue after different treatments on day 12. G) Representative laser Doppler perfusion images of wounds in mice in each treatment group on day 12. H) Representative images of immunohistochemical staining for TNF- α, IL-6 and IL-10 12 days after treatment. I-L) Quantitative statistics of wound site blood perfusion, TNF- α, IL-6 and IL-10, n = 3. Data are shown as mean ± SDs. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the culture medium were measured using commercial ELISA kits (Cusabio, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Infection, In Vivo, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Oncology Reports

Article Title: Knockdown of CCT2 inhibits the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by impairing STAT3 activation

doi: 10.3892/or.2026.9086

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-6 abolishes the effects of CCT2 knockdown on the proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The protein levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 in (A) Huh-7 and (B) HCCLM3 cells were measured by western blotting. The proliferation of (C) Huh-7 and (D) HCCLM3 cells following CCT2 knockdown and IL-6 treatment was detected using EdU incorporation assay. The invasion of (E) Huh-7 and (F) HCCLM3 cells was assessed using Transwell assay. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. PBS. CCT2, chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 2; sh, short hairpin; p-, phosphorylated.

Article Snippet: Recombinant human IL-6 (cat. no. HY-P7044; MedChemExpress) as used for STAT3 activation.

Techniques: Knockdown, Western Blot, Transwell Assay

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioengineered extracellular vesicles escape lysosomal degradation and deliver Tet-PKM2 for macrophage immunometabolic reprogramming and periodontitis treatment

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunomodulatory effects of the bioengineered LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA in terms of their ability to modulate macrophage polarization in vitro . The macrophages were treated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 h and then treated with PBS (Control), 100 μg/mL LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , or LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA for another 24 h. ( A ) The relative mRNA expression levels of M1 polarization-related genes ( IL-6 and IL-1β ) and M2 polarization-related genes ( IL-4 and Arg-1 ) in the Control, LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , and LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA groups (qRT‒PCR) ( n = 3). ( B ) Concentrations of M1-related cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and M2-related cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in the supernatants of the Control, LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , and LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA groups (ELISA) ( n = 3). ( C ) Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification of the expression levels of M1-related proteins (iNOS and CCR7) and M2-related proteins (CD163, CD206, and Arg-1) in the Control, LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , and LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA groups ( n = 3). The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA ( A , B , and C ). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 indicate significant differences between the indicated columns.

Article Snippet: Kits were sourced as follows: TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 from Fankew (Shanghai Kexing Trading Co., Ltd., China) and IL-6 from Proteintech.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Dietary capsaicin attenuates type 2 diabetes via gut microbiota and bile acid metabolic pathways

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115298

Figure Lengend Snippet: RNA-seq comparison of gene expression profiles of the ileum and validation of pancreatic inflammation genes in mice (A) Genewise clustering heatmap of all 603 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to gene expression patterns, showing segregation into three clusters ( n = 3). (B–D) Cluster 1 ( n = 198) includes genes with reduced expression in the T2D + SD group. Cluster 2 ( n = 360) includes genes with expression upregulated in the T2D + SD group. Cluster 3 ( n = 44) includes genes with expression downregulated in the T2D + SD group. (E–G) The top 20 biological processes of the three clusters. The red arrows indicate the GO terms related to immunity, while the red dots mark the GO terms related to the inflammatory response. (H–J) Serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) content in mice. (K–M) Relative expression of immune-related genes in mice islet cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 4). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ns, no significance.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit , CUSABIO , Cat# CSB-E04639m.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Comparison, Gene Expression, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing